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Mongolia / China: Jiyatu, wife of Qaishan (a.k.a. Wuzong) (right) and an unnamed wife of Ayurbarvada (a.k.a. Renzong) (left). Paint and ink on silk.

Mongolia / China: Jiyatu, wife of Qaishan (a.k.a. Wuzong) (right) and an unnamed wife of Ayurbarvada (a.k.a. Renzong) (left). Paint and ink on silk.

Khatun (Persian; Turkish: Hatun) is a female title of nobility and equivalent to male 'khan' prominently used in the First Turkish Empire and in the subsequent Mongol Empire. It is equivalent to queen or empress.