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Iran: A painting by Ali-Quli Jabbadar depicting a 17th-century royal garden pavilion scene from the court of the Safavid Shah Sulaiman.

Iran: A painting by Ali-Quli Jabbadar depicting a 17th-century royal garden pavilion scene from the court of the Safavid Shah Sulaiman.

The Safavids were one of the most significant ruling dynasties of Persia and established the Twelver school of Shi'a Islam as the official religion of their empire, marking one of the most important turning points in the history of Islam. This Shia dynasty was of mixed ancestry: Kurdish, Azerbaijani, Georgian and Greek, and ruled Iran from 1501 to 1722.