China: Qin Shu Huang / Qin Shi Huangdi, First Emperor of a unified China (r.246-221 BCE)

Qin Shi Huang (259–210 BCE), personal name Ying Zheng, was king of the Chinese State of Qin from 246 to 221 BCE during the Warring States Period. He became the first emperor of a unified China in 221 BCE, and ruled until his death in 210 BC at the age of 49. Styling himself 'First Emperor' after China's unification, Qin Shi Huang is a pivotal figure in Chinese history, ushering in nearly two millennia of imperial rule.

After unifying China, he and his chief advisor Li Si passed a series of major economic and political reforms. He undertook gigantic projects, including the first version of the Great Wall of China, the now famous city-sized mausoleum guarded by a life-sized Terracotta Army, and a massive national road system, all at the expense of numerous lives. To ensure stability, Qin Shi Huang also outlawed and burned many books, as well as burying some scholars alive.

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