Japan: 'A Taoist Immortal', Edo Period silk painting by Isen'in Hoin Eishin (1775-1828), c. 1816-1828, after the manner of Liang Kai (1140-1210). Walters Art Museum, Baltimore

In Taoism, a xian is used to describe an enlightened person, almost always immortals. They have, through self-reflection and devotion, reached a state in Taoism where they have attained spiritual and physical immortality, usually also involving methods such as alchemy, breath meditation, qigong and tai chi.

Xian are often described as superhuman and with a variety of magical and supernatural abilities, such as immunity to heat and cold, flight, and superhuman speeds. Some can survive on just air and dew, or can use their magic to bring death or grant life.

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