Philippines: Leaders of the Filipino nationalist reform movement in Spain, left to right Jose Rizal, Marcelo del Pilar, Mariano Ponce, c. 1890

As leader of the reform movement of Filipino students in Spain, Rizal contributed essays, allegories, poems, and editorials to the Spanish newspaper La Solidaridad in Barcelona (in this case Rizal used a pen name, Dimasalang).

The core of his writings centers on liberal and progressive ideas of individual rights and freedom; specifically, rights for the Filipino people. He shared the same sentiments with members of the movement: that the Philippines is battling, in Rizal's own words, 'a double-faced Goliath'—corrupt friars and bad government.

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