Japan / Ryukyu Islands: The entourage of King Sho Kei (1713-1751), 19th ruler of the Ryukyu Second Sho Dynasty, as depicted in the Zhongshan Chuanxin Lu ('Records of Liuqiu'), 1719

The Ryukyu Kingdom (historical English name: Lewchew, Luchu, or Loochoo) was an independent kingdom that ruled most of the Ryukyu Islands from the 15th to the 19th century. The kings of Ryukyu unified Okinawa Island and extended the kingdom to the Amami Islands in modern-day Kagoshima Prefecture, and the Sakishima Islands near Taiwan.

Despite its small size, the kingdom played a central role in the maritime trade networks of medieval East and Southeast Asia.

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