Greece / Turkey: The Greek philosopher Heraclitus (c. 535-475 BCE) as represented in the Nuremberg Chronicle, 1493

Heraclitus of Ephesus was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher, a native of the Greek city Ephesus, Ionia, on the coast of Asia Minor. He was of distinguished parentage. Little is known about his early life and education, but he regarded himself as self-taught and a pioneer of wisdom.

From the lonely life he led, and still more from the paradoxical nature of his philosophy and his stress upon the needless unconsciousness of humankind, he was called 'The Obscure' and the 'Weeping Philosopher'.

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