Iran / Persia: A woman of rank holding a wine carafe, Muhammad Yusuf, Isfahan, 1052 AH / 1642 CE. The style is clearly reminiscent of the Siyah Kalem school, known as qalam-siāhi in Persian, but purely Iranian, without overt Chinese influence
Siāh-qalam, lit. ‘black pen’, is a term referring to both the genre of paintings or drawings done in pen and ink (also known as qalam-siāhi), and to the painter or, more likely, painters (more commonly known as Siāh-qalam) of a particular collection of such pen and ink drawings, preserved principally in the albums at Topkapi Saray Library.
Qalam-siāhi: While medieval Iranian artists were more renowned for their painting than their drawing skills, the two mediums were not unrelated. The planning of any painting involved laying down a preliminary drawing in red or black ink, which would later be painted over.
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