Spain / Al-Andalus: Abd al-Rahman I (731-788), founder of the Umayyad Emirate of Cordoba (r. 756-788)

Abd al-Rahman I, or, his full name by patronymic record, Abd al-Rahman ibn Mu'awiya ibn Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan (731-788) (Arabic: عبد الرحمن الداخل) was the founder of the Umayyad Emirate of Córdoba (755), a Muslim dynasty that ruled the greater part of Iberia for nearly three centuries (including the succeeding Caliphate of Córdoba).

The Muslims called the regions of Iberia under their dominion al-Andalus. Abd al-Rahman's establishment of a government in al-Andalus represented a branching from the rest of the Islamic Empire, which had been usurped by the Abbasid overthrow of the Umayyads from Damascus in 750.

He was also known by appellations al-Dakhil ('the Immigrant'), Saqr Quraish ('the Falcon of the Quraysh')and the 'Falcon of Andalus'. Variations of the spelling of his name include Abd ar-Rahman I, Abdul Rahman I and Abderraman I.

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