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India: Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal in twin portraits, Mughal style, c. early 20th century

Shah Jahan (also spelled Shah Jehan, Shahjehan, Urdu: شاه ‌جہاں, Persian: شاه جهان) (January 5, 1592 – January 22, 1666) (Full title: His Imperial Majesty Al-Sultan al-'Azam wal Khaqan al-Mukarram, Malik-ul-Sultanat, Ala Hazrat Abu'l-Muzaffar Shahab ud-din Muhammad Shah Jahan I, Sahib-i-Qiran-i-Sani, Padshah Ghazi Zillu'llah, Firdaus-Ashiyani, Shahanshah—E--Sultanant Ul Hindiya Wal Mughaliya, Emperor of India ) was the emperor of the Mughal Empire in the Indian Subcontinent from 1628 until 1658. The name Shah Jahan comes from Persian meaning 'King of the World'. He was the fifth Mughal emperor after Babur, Humayun, Akbar, and Jahangir.

Mumtaz Mahal (April 1593 – 17 June 1631) (Persian/Urdu ممتاز محل [mumˈt̪aːz mɛˈɦɛl]; meaning 'the most excellent of the palace') born as Arjumand Banu Begum was a Mughal Empress and chief consort of emperor Shah Jahan. The UNESCO World Heritage Site Taj Mahal, Agra was constructed by her husband as her final resting place.