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China: Five-clawed Dragon Flag of the Qing Dynasty (1890-1912).

The Qing Dynasty, also known as the Manchu Dynasty, was the last dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 (with a brief, abortive restoration in 1917). It was preceded by the Ming Dynasty and followed by the Republic of China.

The dynasty was founded by the Manchu clan Aisin Gioro in modern northeast China (also known as Manchuria). Starting in 1644 it expanded into China proper and its surrounding territories, establishing the Empire of the Great. Complete pacification of China was accomplished around 1683 under the Kangxi Emperor.

During its reign the Qing Dynasty became highly integrated with Chinese culture. The dynasty reached its zenith in the 18th century, during which both territory and population were increased. However, its military power weakened thereafter and, faced with massive rebellions and defeat in wars, the Qing Dynasty declined after the mid-19th century.

The Qing Dynasty was overthrown following the Xinhai Revolution, when Empress Dowager Longyu abdicated on behalf of the last emperor, Puyi, on February 12, 1912.